To test the validity of the polymerase chain reaction for diagnosing American visceral leishmaniasis, 88 suspected cases were studied. Diagnosis was confirmed in 47 (53.5%) and ruled out in 41 (46.5%) patients. Samples of bone marrow and peripheral blood were processed by polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the test and its agreement beyond chance with microscopy examination. The polymerase chain reaction was positive in bone marrow of 100% of the patients with amastigotes seen with microscopy examination, and in 59.5% in those where no parasite were seen. Agreement beyond chance between visualization of the parasite in bone marrow aspirates and polymerase chain reaction was considered weak (Kappa = 0.41). Concordance between polymerase chain reaction of bone marrow aspirates and of peripheral blood was considered excellent (Kappa = 0.88). The test turned out positive in all bone marrow aspirates of those with the disease and whereas the positivity rate was 58.5% among those without the disease, with specificity rate of 41.5%.

A prevalência da filariose canina causada por Dirofilaria immitis e Dipetalonema reconditum, foi estimada após a realização de inquérito hemoscópico em 1.519 cães domiciliados. Foram examinados 1.097 cães nos sete distritos sanitários da cidade de Maceió, Alagoas, 204 na Ilha de Santa Rita e 218 na cidade de Paripueira. Em Maceió, foram detectados 15 (1,3%) cães com microfilárias (MF) de D. immitis e 15 (1,3%) com MF de D. reconditum. Todos os casos positivos foram considerados autóctones. As MF de D. immitis e de D. reconditum mediram 298,1µm e 249,2µm de comprimento e 7,3µm e 4,4µm de largura, respectivamente. Além do diagnóstico parasitológico pela técnica de gota espessa (100µL), foi utilizado o teste imunológico Witness, para detecção de antígeno filarial circulante, o qual confirmou os dados parasitológicos e permitiu a detecção de casos de infecção oculta. De um total de 6.579 fêmeas examinadas, pertencentes a seis espécies de mosquitos, oito (0,1%) fêmeas de Culex quinquefasciatus foram encontradas naturalmente infectadas com larvas de D. immitis. Estes resultados demonstram a presença simultânea de D. immitis e D. reconditum na mesma área geográfica.

A survey on the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis and Dipetalonema reconditum was conducted in 1,519 dogs from Maceió and two coastal areas in the State of Alagoas, Northeast Brazil, from 1995 to 1999, by testing for microfilariae in blood. All blood samples were from exclusively domiciled dogs with a known history, showing that the infections were autochthonous, confirming transmission of canine filariasis in these areas. In Greater Metropolitan Maceió, 15 (1.3%) microfilaremic dogs were detected with D. immitis and 15 (1,3%) with D. reconditum. In the southern coastal area there was an estimated prevalence of 12.7% for D. immitis. D. immitis and D. reconditum microfilaria were 298.1µm and 249.2µm long and 7.3µm and 4.4µm wide, respectively. A Witness immunotest that detects D. immitis antigen was used to confirm parasitological results and reveal occult dirofilariasis cases. Of the total 6,579 females examined, 8 (0.1%) Culex quinquefasciatus were observed to be naturally infected with D. immitis larvae. These results proved dirofilariasis transmission in Maceió and demonstrated D. reconditum in the same geographic area.

A prevalência da filariose canina causada por Dirofilaria immitis e Dipetalonema reconditum, foi estimada após a realização de inquérito hemoscópico em 1.519 cães domiciliados. Foram examinados 1.097 cães nos sete distritos sanitários da cidade de Maceió, Alagoas, 204 na Ilha de Santa Rita e 218 na cidade de Paripueira. Em Maceió, foram detectados 15 (1,3%) cães com microfilárias (MF) de D. immitis e 15 (1,3%) com MF de D. reconditum. Todos os casos positivos foram considerados autóctones. As MF de D. immitis e de D. reconditum mediram 298,1µm e 249,2µm de comprimento e 7,3µm e 4,4µm de largura, respectivamente. Além do diagnóstico parasitológico pela técnica de gota espessa (100µL), foi utilizado o teste imunológico Witness, para detecção de antígeno filarial circulante, o qual confirmou os dados parasitológicos e permitiu a detecção de casos de infecção oculta. De um total de 6.579 fêmeas examinadas, pertencentes a seis espécies de mosquitos, oito (0,1%) fêmeas de Culex quinquefasciatus foram encontradas naturalmente infectadas com larvas de D. immitis. Estes resultados demonstram a presença simultânea de D. immitis e D. reconditum na mesma área geográfica.

A survey on the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis and Dipetalonema reconditum was conducted in 1,519 dogs from Maceió and two coastal areas in the State of Alagoas, Northeast Brazil, from 1995 to 1999, by testing for microfilariae in blood. All blood samples were from exclusively domiciled dogs with a known history, showing that the infections were autochthonous, confirming transmission of canine filariasis in these areas. In Greater Metropolitan Maceió, 15 (1.3%) microfilaremic dogs were detected with D. immitis and 15 (1,3%) with D. reconditum. In the southern coastal area there was an estimated prevalence of 12.7% for D. immitis. D. immitis and D. reconditum microfilaria were 298.1µm and 249.2µm long and 7.3µm and 4.4µm wide, respectively. A Witness immunotest that detects D. immitis antigen was used to confirm parasitological results and reveal occult dirofilariasis cases. Of the total 6,579 females examined, 8 (0.1%) Culex quinquefasciatus were observed to be naturally infected with D. immitis larvae. These results proved dirofilariasis transmission in Maceió and demonstrated D. reconditum in the same geographic area.